Which type of pancreatic cell primarily produces glucagon?

The alpha cells of the pancreas are primarily responsible for the production of glucagon. Glucagon plays a critical role in glucose metabolism by increasing blood glucose levels. It is secreted when blood glucose levels drop, signaling the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream.

This hormone functions in opposition to insulin, which is produced by beta cells and functions to lower blood glucose levels. The distinct roles of these pancreatic cell types demonstrate the fine balance the pancreas maintains in regulating blood glucose levels, ensuring that the body has adequate energy supplies. The delta cells are involved in the secretion of somatostatin, which regulates various endocrine functions, and gamma cells, while less common, are involved in the production of pancreatic polypeptide, further emphasizing the specialized roles each pancreatic cell type has. Thus, the production of glucagon is specifically attributed to alpha cells, making this the correct answer.