Which part of the brainstem primarily controls autonomic respiration?

The medulla oblongata is primarily responsible for controlling autonomic respiration. This region contains crucial respiratory centers, such as the ventral respiratory group and the dorsal respiratory group, which regulate the rhythm and depth of breathing. The autonomic control is vital for maintaining homeostasis, allowing the body to adjust respiratory rate and volume in response to various metabolic needs, such as exercise or changes in blood gas levels (like carbon dioxide and oxygen).

While the pons also plays a role in respiratory control by integrating signals to smooth the transition between inhalation and exhalation, the fundamental drive to breathe, especially during rest, is predominantly dictated by the medulla. The midbrain and cerebellum do not have a direct role in the autonomic regulation of respiration. The midbrain is involved in other functions, such as visual and auditory processing, while the cerebellum is primarily concerned with motor control and coordination.