Which cell type in the pancreas secretes insulin?

The cell type in the pancreas that secretes insulin is the beta cell. These cells are located in clusters known as islets of Langerhans, which are dispersed throughout the pancreas. Beta cells play a crucial role in glucose metabolism by producing and releasing insulin in response to elevated blood sugar levels, particularly following meals.

Insulin's primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in muscle and adipose tissue, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. They also contribute to the regulation of fat and protein metabolism. This tightly controlled release of insulin is vital for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring that the body efficiently utilizes the energy obtained from food.

In contrast, other cell types in the pancreas have different roles; alpha cells produce glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels, delta cells secrete somatostatin, which inhibits the secretion of other hormones, and gamma cells (or PP cells) produce pancreatic polypeptide, which is involved in the regulation of pancreatic secretions and appetite. Understanding the specific functions of each cell type clarifies the critical role that beta cells play in glycemic control and overall metabolic health.