What is the role of Prolactin in the body?

Prolactin primarily plays a key role in stimulating milk production in mammals. This hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, is crucial for lactation as it promotes the development of mammary glands and enhances milk synthesis following childbirth. The secretion of prolactin is influenced by various physiological conditions, particularly pregnancy and the act of breastfeeding. High levels of prolactin during pregnancy prepare the breast tissue for milk production, and its release during nursing helps maintain milk supply in response to the baby's suckling.

While other hormones may influence fat metabolism, water retention, and muscle growth, they do not do so through the specific action of prolactin. Thus, the primary and most recognized role of prolactin is its direct involvement in lactation and milk production.