What is the main mechanism of action of Type 1 diabetes?

The main mechanism of action in Type 1 diabetes is the destruction of beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys these insulin-producing beta cells located in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient amounts of insulin, which is crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. This lack of insulin leads to elevated blood glucose levels, as glucose cannot enter the cells to be used for energy effectively.

Type 1 diabetes is often diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, but it can occur at any age. The autoimmune destruction of beta cells is the hallmark of this type of diabetes, differentiating it from Type 2 diabetes, where insulin resistance and other metabolic factors play a more significant role. Understanding this mechanism is essential for recognizing the pathophysiology of the disease and guiding treatment approaches, which typically involve insulin therapy to manage blood sugar levels effectively.