What hormone is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas?

Beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for the secretion of insulin. Insulin is a crucial hormone that plays a key role in glucose metabolism. When blood glucose levels rise after a meal, beta cells detect this increase and release insulin into the bloodstream. The primary function of insulin is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body, particularly muscle and adipose (fat) tissues. This process helps lower blood glucose levels back to a normal range.

Moreover, insulin also promotes glycogenesis, which is the conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscle tissues, and it inhibits gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. By regulating blood sugar levels, insulin maintains homeostasis and ensures that the body has a consistent energy supply.

In summary, the secretion of insulin by beta cells is vital for regulating glucose levels and overall metabolic balance in the body.