What condition is characterized by an excess of bilirubin?

The condition characterized by an excess of bilirubin is jaundice. This occurs when there is an accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, leading to the yellowing of the skin and sclera (the white part of the eyes). Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells, and under normal circumstances, it is processed by the liver and excreted in bile.

When there is an excess of bilirubin, it can result from several underlying issues, such as liver dysfunction, hemolysis (excessive breakdown of red blood cells), or obstruction of bile flow. Jaundice serves as a visible indicator of these conditions, indicating that the body is unable to effectively transport and eliminate bilirubin.

The other conditions listed may involve bilirubin levels but do not directly define the presence of excess bilirubin in the way that jaundice does. For instance, cirrhosis and hepatitis are liver diseases that can lead to jaundice as a complication, while cholelithiasis refers to gallstones that can obstruct bile flow, potentially causing jaundice as well. However, jaundice specifically highlights the symptom of excess bilirubin in the body.