What are the main mechanisms of action in Type 2 diabetes? (Choose 2)

In Type 2 diabetes, one of the primary mechanisms of action involves defects in glucose transporters. In a healthy physiological state, insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells through various glucose transporters, such as GLUT4. In individuals with Type 2 diabetes, there is often a reduced sensitivity of these transporters to insulin, leading to impaired glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissues. This results in elevated blood glucose levels, as glucose is not effectively utilized by the body's cells.

Peripheral insulin resistance due to fat is also a crucial mechanism in Type 2 diabetes. Accumulation of excess fatty acids, particularly in visceral adipose tissue, can interfere with the action of insulin, further contributing to insulin resistance. This condition is characterized by the body's inability to respond appropriately to insulin, thus exacerbating hyperglycemia.

The destruction of beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans is more commonly associated with Type 1 diabetes, where the autoimmune process leads to the complete loss of insulin-producing cells. Decreased glucagon secretion, while may occur in some cases, is not a primary mechanism in Type 2 diabetes as glucagon levels can actually be elevated due to insulin resistance.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the significant roles of defective