Is Acromegaly caused by GH excess or GH deficiency?

Acromegaly is a condition characterized by the excessive growth of bones and tissues, particularly in the hands, feet, and face. This abnormal growth is primarily caused by an excess of growth hormone (GH) often due to a benign tumor on the pituitary gland, known as an adenoma, which secretes GH inappropriately.

When GH levels rise significantly, it stimulates the liver and other tissues to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which promotes cell growth and division. The excessive levels of both GH and IGF-1 lead to the features seen in acromegaly, such as enlarged extremities, facial changes, and other systemic effects.

In contrast, GH deficiency would lead to growth retardation and an overall lack of growth, particularly in children, and would not cause the features associated with acromegaly. Therefore, understanding that acromegaly stems specifically from excess GH is crucial for grasping the underlying mechanisms of the disease and its manifestations.