Both bone resorption and formation processes are promoted by which of the following?

Bone remodeling is a dynamic process involving both bone resorption and formation, and Vitamin D plays a crucial role in this process. Vitamin D, in its active form (calcitriol), promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the intestines, which are essential for bone mineralization. It enhances the activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption, while simultaneously facilitating the function of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation.

This dual action is vital for maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body and ensuring that bone health is preserved. By promoting bone resorption, Vitamin D ensures that calcium is available in the bloodstream when needed, and by stimulating bone formation, it contributes to the overall strength and integrity of the skeletal system. In contrast, other hormones like parathyroid hormone primarily focus on increasing bone resorption to elevate blood calcium levels, while calcitonin acts to decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption. Growth hormone influences bone growth and density but does not directly promote the processes of resorption and formation in a balanced manner like Vitamin D does. Thus, Vitamin D is the compound that effectively promotes both sides of the bone remodeling process.